Sustainability recruitment · role guides · checked 1 October 2026
Carbon manager: the inventory and where each source sits
A carbon manager owns the greenhouse gas inventory, and the first skill is classifying every source into the right scope.
The sorter below tests that with ten ordinary sources, one of which depends on the consolidation approach.
The page then shows where SECR and UK SRS draw the boundary differently and what is never allowed: netting off offsets.
The inventory
Sort ten sources into scopes
Choose Scope 1, 2, 3 or “it depends” for each source.
The answer and its category appear at once.
The GHG Protocol Corporate Standard defines the scopes, and almost every UK regime builds on it.
Scope 1 is what the company burns or releases itself; Scope 2 is the energy it buys; Scope 3 is everything else in the value chain.
The Scope 3 Standard divides that remainder into fifteen categories, from purchased goods and services to the use of sold products.
The one source the sorter will not classify is the leased building, because the answer depends on the consolidation approach.
The Standard offers equity share, financial control and operational control, and a company chooses one, applies it consistently and states it.
Sort the sources
Choose a scope for each source.
The answer and its category appear at once.
- Gas burned in the company’s own boiler
- Diesel in vehicles the company owns
- Refrigerant leaked from the company’s air conditioning
- Grid electricity bought for the company’s own buildings
- Grid losses in transmitting and distributing that electricity
- Steel, paper and services the company buys
- Treatment of waste generated in operations
- Flights and hotel stays booked for business travel
- Employees’ journeys to and from work
- Fuel used in a building the company leases
0 of 0 answered correctly.
GHG Protocol Corporate Standard, Scope 2 Guidance and Scope 3 Standard.
A teaching sorter, not an inventory.
Nothing you choose is stored or sent.
Scope 2
Two figures for one source
The GHG Protocol’s Scope 2 Guidance asks for dual reporting, and a carbon manager should say which figure a disclosure uses.
SECR, UK SRS S2 and a customer questionnaire do not always ask for the same one, so the inventory keeps both and the disclosure states the choice.
That is the practical meaning of “one inventory, cut a different way for each regime”.
The location-based figure uses average grid emissions.
The market-based figure reflects the company’s contractual choices.
Source: GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance
Boundaries
One inventory, three boundaries
| Scope | What it covers | Where the UK regimes ask for it |
|---|---|---|
| Scope 1 | Direct: fuel burned, owned vehicles, fugitive emissions | SECR (quoted: global; unquoted: UK) |
| Scope 2 | Purchased electricity, heat, steam, cooling | SECR; UK SRS S2; location- and market-based both reported |
| Scope 3 | Value chain, fifteen categories | UK SRS S2 (one-year relief for listed companies); SECR only transport fuel (unquoted) |
The two sentences to remember are these: gross is gross, and the boundary follows the regime.
UK SRS S2 paragraph 29(a) asks for absolute gross emissions, so offsets never reduce the reported total.
Under the FCA’s final rules the Scope 3 element is subject to a one-year relief for listed companies, as the guide to UK SRS Scope 3 reporting sets out.
For targets, a carbon manager meets the Science Based Targets initiative’s Corporate Net-Zero Standard, whose criteria a company can have validated.
Tools help with the data, and the carbon reporting software guide describes what vendors publish; the GHG Protocol guide sets out the standard in full.
Getting there
Routes and the pay evidence
No qualification is required by law to be a carbon manager.
ISEP, the professional body, publishes a sustainability skills map, and its Companies House record shows it as the former IEMA.
ONS classifies the work in SOC 2020 unit group 2152, whose Home Office going rate is £37,200 on a 37.5-hour week for the whole group.
The consultation CP26/5 preceded the FCA’s final rules and is the background to the listed-company Scope 3 treatment.
The reporting cycle that carries the inventory is in the ESG reporting manager guide, and the salary guide shows how to read the pay figures.
The hub lists the other guides in this series.
Frequently asked
Carbon manager, answered
What does a carbon manager do?
Builds and maintains the greenhouse gas inventory: deciding the boundary, collecting activity data, applying emission factors, classifying sources into Scope 1, 2 and 3, and documenting the method so the figure can be defended.
The title has no legal definition.
What are Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions?
Under the GHG Protocol, Scope 1 is direct emissions from sources the company owns or controls, Scope 2 is indirect emissions from purchased electricity, heat, steam and cooling, and Scope 3 is all other indirect emissions in the value chain, in fifteen categories.
What is the difference between location-based and market-based Scope 2?
The GHG Protocol’s Scope 2 Guidance asks for dual reporting: a location-based figure using average grid emissions and a market-based figure reflecting the company’s contractual choices, such as supplier-specific factors.
Reporting both is the guidance’s approach, not a UK statutory rule by itself.
Can carbon offsets reduce reported emissions?
No. UK SRS S2 requires absolute gross emissions in paragraph 29(a), and SECR has no netting-off provision, so offsets can be disclosed separately but are not deducted from the reported total.
What boundary does SECR use?
A quoted company reports global Scope 1 and 2 emissions, and an unquoted company or LLP reports UK energy use with the related Scope 1 and 2 emissions and the transport-fuel element of Scope 3.
The boundary under UK SRS S2 follows the standard’s own rules, so one inventory may be cut a different way for each regime.
What are the consolidation approaches in the GHG Protocol?
Equity share, financial control and operational control.
A company chooses one, applies it consistently and states it, and the choice decides how emissions from leased assets and joint ventures are counted.
Does a carbon manager need a qualification?
None is required by law.
Professional-body routes run through ISEP, and its skills map describes competencies.
Employers often ask for experience with the GHG Protocol and, for target-setting, familiarity with the Science Based Targets initiative’s criteria.
What does a carbon manager earn?
No official statistic reports pay for carbon managers.
The Home Office going rate for the nearest occupation group, SOC 2152, is £37,200 on a 37.5-hour week for the whole group, and the salary guide shows how to read professional-body figures.
Is Scope 3 required in the UK?
For listed companies, UK SRS S2 includes Scope 3 and the FCA’s final rules allow one year’s non-disclosure of it as a stated relief.
SECR requires only the transport-fuel element of Scope 3 from unquoted companies.
For anyone else, UK SRS is voluntary.
What is the 40,000 kWh threshold in SECR?
A conditional relief from disclosing certain energy and emissions information for a company using 40,000 kWh or less of UK energy, with one version for quoted and one for unquoted companies.
It is a disclosure relief, not an exemption from SECR, and it is 40,000 kWh, never 40 MWh.
Sources
Primary sources
Every figure, date and status on this page traces to the instrument’s owner.
Secondary commentary is never the source for a number.
- GHG ProtocolCorporate Accounting and Reporting Standard
Scopes 1 and 2 and the consolidation approaches.
- GHG ProtocolScope 2 Guidance
Location-based and market-based reporting.
- GHG ProtocolCorporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Standard
The fifteen Scope 3 categories.
- Department for Business and TradeUK SRS S2 (PDF): ¶29(a), ¶36(c)
Gross emissions by scope, and the gross target alongside any net target.
- legislation.gov.ukSI 2008/410 Sch 7 ¶20B
The SECR size test for unquoted companies: exempt if two or more “not more than” conditions are met.
- legislation.gov.ukSI 2008/410 Sch 7 Part 7A
The energy and carbon report for large unquoted companies.
- GOV.UKEnvironmental reporting guidelines, including mandatory greenhouse gas emissions reporting guidance
Government methodology guidance for SECR and greenhouse gas reporting.
- Science Based Targets initiativeCorporate Net-Zero Standard
Criteria for validated net-zero targets.
- Financial Conduct AuthorityPS26/19 (PDF): ¶¶2.45, 3.6, 3.12, 3.14, 3.20
Assurance statement, scope, reliefs and the explain statement.
- Department for Business and TradeUK Sustainability Reporting Standards: UK SRS S1 and UK SRS S2
The standards, published 25 February 2026; voluntary for any UK entity not required by the FCA’s rules.
- Environment AgencyHow to comply with ESOS Phase 4
Milestone dates, qualification, lead assessor, sign-off.
- Home OfficeImmigration Rules Appendix Skilled Occupations
The going rate for SOC 2152: £37,200 on a 37.5-hour week.
- Office for National StatisticsStandard Occupational Classification 2020
Unit group 2152, Environment professionals.
- ISEPSustainability Skills Map
The professional body’s competency map for sustainability roles.
- ISEPState of the Sustainability Profession 2025 (short report)
Professional-body survey: roles, pay by grade, pay rises, gender pay gap.